Non-Toxic Paint for Wood (Toys, Furniture, Floors)

The type of non-toxic paint you will choose for wood depends on how durable you need it to be, how safe you need it to be (is it going in a child’s mouth for example), what kind of wood it is, and what kind of paint or stain is on it already.

Some of the paints are all-natural and totally child-safe and food-safe, others are perfectly healthy to handle and be around if they are not going in anyone’s mouth.

This post contains affiliate links. Upon purchase, I earn a small commission at no extra cost to you.

Non-Toxic Paint for Wooden Toys

1. All Natural Milk Paint

Milk Paint is the most obvious first choice for wooden toys. It’s one of only two paints that are 100% natural.

It’s made of milk protein (casein), limestone, clay (in some brands), chalk (in some brands), and natural pigments. It comes in a powder and you mix it yourself with water.

It’s very easy to apply this to raw wood, and that is the best application for this paint.

Old Fashioned Milk Paint has tested its product against Toy Safe Standard EN-71 in Europe which simulates ingestion of the paint. This standard is the most relevant for toys that could be chewed on. Not all colors passed the metal leaching tests (whites and blues did not make the cut).

The Toy Safe Colors are Scarlett (bright red), Marigold Yellow, Mustard, Pumpkin, Salem Red, Barn Red, Bayberry Green, Tavern Green, Lexington (dark green), and Pitch Black

The Real Milk contains no clay but it does contain iron oxides. The whites and light colors contain Titanium Dioxide (like all paints) and the green colors contain Chromium (III) which probably wouldn’t leave it Toy Safe by European standards for toys that could be chewed on, which focuses on simulating leaching of metals during ingestion of paint. (Their paints are not tested against European Toy Safe standards). They are certified Toy Safe in the US by ASTM F963-17 – Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety.

The following colors contain no Titanium Dioxide or Chromium: Aqua, Arabian Night, Barn Red, Betsy Ross Red, Black Iron, Blue Lagoon, Caribbean Blue, Cheesecake, Cocoa, Dijo, Faded denim, Flag re, French Gray, French Toast, Fresh Lemon, Goldenrod, Gypsy Pink, Lakeview Blue, Mocha, Mustard, Navy Blue, Paprika, Pecan, Persimmon, Plum, Pumpkin, Sky Blue, Spearmint, Sunflower, Terra Cotta, Tree Bark, Warm Ash, Willow.

If the wood already has a finish on it, I would likely skip Milk Paint. If it needs to be primed with an acrylic bond coat it defeats the purpose of going with a non-acrylic paint (just use a conventional paint in that case).

It requires a topcoat to be durable in any way to water otherwise the finish is quickly ruined.

Top Coats for Milk Paint

If you are painting toys you almost certainly want an all-natural and completely food-safe topcoat.

Natural Oils

You can use any of the drying oils which do form a film that makes it durable to water and cleanable.

Tung oil is the most durable of the organic drying oils (just be sure to give it the full 30 days to cure). Hemp oil and walnut oil are not quite as waterproof but the odors are milder.

The oils darken the Milk Paint and cause the colors to lose some vibrancy.

Natural Shellac Resin

Shellac is a food-safe resin that is even used to coat some foods. It’s a resin from a beetle and when dissolved in alcohol it can be used as a wood coating.

Zinsser has said their shellac formulas are not food safe. If you wanted a purist option you can buy the flakes and mix them with Everclear alcohol.

Of course, the real purist option would be to not paint the wood at all, and just use the all-natural drying oils and/or shellac.

2. Non-Toxic Acrylic Paints

ECOS Paints and other acrylic paints can be used on toys as well. Once this paint is cured (at two weeks) it doesn’t offgas any VOCs. ECOS Paints are EN-71 certified for use on children’s toys.

Do keep in mind that Europe is banning Titanium Dioxide in food products as of August, 2022 and acrylic paints are Titanium Dioxide based. It’s reasonable to assume that if the paint could be swallowed by a young when child chewing on a toy this won’t be considered safe.

3. Non-Toxic Latex Paint

Farrow and Ball is a extremely low odor and low VOC paint, even when wet. This is a non-acrylic latex paint. It is certified Toy Safe, though it’s also Titanium Oxide based.

4. Linseed Oil Paint

Allbäck linseed oil paint is one brand that is available in North America that is made without solvents.

The ingredients are boiled linseed and pigments made from titanium oxide, iron oxides, chromium oxide green, and ultramarine blue. The drying agent is manganese.

The manganese makes it not safe by European standards for toys that will be chewed on but for other toys and playsets this is a great option.

No primer is needed with this paint, except on very dry wood a prime coat of pure linseed oil helps. This paint goes over almost any surface except silicone.

I have tested this paint and I would not say the odor is super strong. Unless you have challenges with linseed oil or other natural odors this is a great option.

Non-Toxic Paint for Wooden Furniture

When painting furniture it doesn’t need to be as food-safe as toys. There are a few more options.

1. Milk Paint

You can still use Milk Paint on raw wood, with an oil or shellac topcoat as mentioned above.

You could also put a hardy water-based coating over it (either acrylic or polyurethane), like ECOS acrylic coating or AFM Safecoat polyurethane.

It would be easier to use an acrylic paint in my opinion, if it’s a high wear use item.

2. Chalked Paint

Chalked Paint is also a very low toxin ultra-low VOC option. The benefit of using Chalked Paint is it can prime over many other finishes. It is still a good idea to sand a little bit even though technically you don’t have to.

This is helpful if you need to go over a natural oil finish, oil-based paint, or unknown varnish. I have not yet found something this can’t go over.

You do need a top coat to make this durable. Annie Sloan Chalk Paint is another brand that I like a lot.

3. ECOS Zero-VOC Paint

No-VOC acrylic paint is another option for bare wood or previously painted wood.

Raw Wood

On raw wood you can prime with Lullaby Furniture Primer, followed by their Semi-Gloss or Gloss Paint.

If you need extra durability, you can use another clear coat sealer over top like AFM Polyureseal BP on interior furniture or AFM Safecoat EXT for exterior furniture.

If the furniture is made of pine (like IKEA dressers and beds), use ECOS Stain Blocking Primer to prevent bleed-through of the tannins before painting.

Previously Painted Furniture

If the furniture was painted with water-based paint (or has a water-based polyurethane) you can paint over with ECOS water-based paint in most cases with some light sanding.

If you are going over oil-based paint you can use ECOS Universal Primer first to transition it to water-based paint.

4. Linseed Oil Paint

Allback linseed oil paint is one brand that is available in North America that is made without solvents. The ingredients are boiled linseed and pigments made from titanium dioxide, iron oxides, chromium green oxide and ultramarine blue.

The drying agent is manganese. No primer is needed with this paint, except on very dry wood a prime coat of pure linseed oil helps.

It’s a very durable paint so it’s great for furniture, even table tops.

Non-Toxic Paint for Wooden Panel Walls

I have a slightly different list for walls, first because in some cases it’s a good idea to keep the walls breathable, and second because wall paint doesn’t usually need to be as durable as furniture paint.

1. Milk Paint

You can use Milk Paint on walls. If it’s raw wood then I would consider it since it takes well to raw wood. If it’s previously painted wood I would not consider it.

You can add Outdoor Additive to decrease tannin leaching and discoloration from knots.

You do need to think about the work of adding a topcoat like oil to the walls which is wiped on and wiped off on top of multiple coats of Milk Paint.

2. Chalked Paint

If you don’t need the walls to be scrubbable, Chalked Paint is more durable than Milk Paint.

You need one or two coats. But again, if a topcoat/sealer is needed it would probably not be worth it.

3. RomaBio Mineral Paint

RomaBio EcoDomus Matte is my first choice for raw wood paneling. If you use the Matte that is the primer and the paint over raw wood.

You can probably do two coats total and be done.

It’s wipeable and breathable. This paint is a mineral (silicate-based) paint and is zero-VOC.

4. Acrylic Paint

You can of course use a more conventional paint like Farrow and Ball or ECOS Paints which are both low odor paints that are the healthiest of the water-based paints.

4. Linseed Oil Paint

Allback linseed oil paint is one brand that is available in North America that is made without solvents. The ingredients are boiled linseed and pigments made from titanium dioxide, iron oxides, chromium green oxide and ultramarine blue.

The drying agent is manganese. No primer is needed with this paint, except on very dry wood a prime coat of pure linseed oil helps.

Non-Toxic Paint for Hardwood Floors

1. Farrow and Ball

Farrow and Ball brand is a very low odor paint. They make a floor primer. Their Modern Eggshell line is then used on top of that.

This paint does contain methylisothiazolinone as the preservative.

This works well for wood floors. Make sure to read all info on substrate prep on their website.

You can buy this paint via their website or in local stores.

2. ECOS Paints

ECOS Paints Floor Paint is formulated for wood and concrete floors. I love ECOS Paints, it’s usually my top pick of paint brand.

They disclose all of their ingredients and they don’t use methylisothiazolinone. It’s zero-VOC at 14 days.

You can order this paint from their website, they ship to everywhere in the US as well as to Canada and Mexico.

Over pine floors you can use the Sanding Sealer first (then sand), then ECOS Universal Primer, followed by two coats of their Floor Paint.

3. AFM Safecoat

AFM Safecoat Concrete Floor Paint is an acrylic paint with PVA. It’s mostly used on concrete floors, but there are some conditions in which you can use it on wood.

4. Linseed Oil Paint

Allback linseed oil paint is one brand that is available in North America that is made without solvents. The ingredients are boiled linseed and pigments made from titanium dioxide, iron oxides, chromium green oxide and ultramarine blue.

The drying agent is manganese. No primer is needed with this paint, except on very dry wood a prime coat of pure linseed oil helps.

This paint is very durable so it works well on floors.

Corinne Segura is a Building Biologist Practitioner with 8 years of experience helping others create healthy homes.

Buy me a kofi to support the research behind this blog.