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My Chemical-Free House

A Guide to Creating a Healthy Home

  • Healthy Building
    • Insulation
    • Windows & Window Treatments
    • Glues & Caulks
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    • Drywall Mud & Wall Texture
    • Showers
    • Doors
    • Pressed Wood Products
    • Sheathing & Subfloor
    • Siding/Cladding
    • Pipes
    • Alternative Building Systems
    • Building for the Chemically Sensitive
    • Non-Toxic Prefabs
    • How to Test Materials
  • Healthy Interiors
    • Flooring
    • Gym Flooring
    • Flooring Underlayment
    • Mattresses & Bedding
    • Sofas & Furniture
    • Leather Furniture
    • Desks and Chairs
    • Kitchen Cabinets
    • Countertops
    • Sealers
      • Paint
      • Mineral Paints
      • Linseed & Tung Oil
      • Natural Wood Pigments
      • Natural Plaster
      • Natural Countertop Sealers
      • Concrete Sealers
      • Wood Finishes
    • Bathroom
    • Rugs
    • Wallpaper
    • Lead Free Faucets
    • Cookware
    • Kitchen Appliances
    • DIY Sofa
    • Heaters
    • Reduce Flame Retardants
    • Reduce New Home Offgassing
    • Reduce Fragrance & Smoke
    • Air Purifiers for VOCs
    • Cleaning Products & Air Fresheners
    • Personal Care Products
    • Green Certifications
    • Gift Guide
  • Tiny Homes and Trailers
    • List: Simple Homes & Shelters
    • List: Trailers & RVs
    • List: Emergency Housing
    • Cargo Van Conversion
    • All Metal Tiny Home
    • Simple Insulated Shelter
    • All Aluminum Travel Trailer
    • Cargo Trailer Conversion
    • Teardrop Trailer
    • Tiny House Systems
    • Flooring for Vans, Trailers
    • Composting Toilets
    • How to Offgas a New Car
    • Building for Chemically Sensitivity
  • Mold-Free Building
    • The Causes of Mold in Tiny Houses
    • A Detailed Mold Preventative Build
    • How “High Performance” can Help Prevent Mold
  • Mold-Free Interiors
    • Mold Testing Overview
    • Air Purifiers for Mold
    • Ozone to Kill Mold
  • Mold Avoidance
    • Decon your Car
    • Camping Gear
    • Planning a Sabbatical
    • Traveling with Environmental Sensitivities
    • Locations Effect Ebook
    • The Locations Effect – Canadian Locations
    • The Locations Effect – Caribbean Campsites
    • Interview: Healing MCS with Mold Avoidance

Uncategorized

Non-Toxic Flooring Underlayment

July 23, 2020 by Corinne 7 Comments

There are a variety of underlayments used under wood floors, click-together floating floors, as well as carpet and tile.

Underlay can serve various functions like cushioning, sound deadening, leveling, uncoupling, and moisture resistance.

These are the best non-toxic low-VOC options with a focus on the material composition.

This post contains affiliate links. Upon purchase, I earn a small commission at no extra cost to you.

Paper Underlayments Used Under Wood Floors

Silicone Paper

Silicone paper is usually used under real solid hardwood floors, but it can also be used under engineered wood. It is semi-permeable which is good, as you want your upper floors (over wood subfloors) to be breathable in almost all situations.

It meets perm ratings recommended by the National Wood Flooring Association.

Those extremely sensitive to chemicals have liked this product a lot. If you just need something simple that is not providing sound dampening or leveling this will do the job.

Red Rosin Paper

Tried a true, Red Rosin is the old school underlayment paper used under real wood flooring. It’s extremely low in odor and even that dissipates rather quickly. The extremely sensitive almost always do well with this, with only a few people mentioning that the undyed Rosin Paper was preferred.

This is what I would use under wood floors. Keep it simple and breathable.

Foam Underlayments for Click Together Floors

Basic Polyethylene Foam

For laminate, engineered and other click-together floating floors I prefer the most basic polyethylene underlayment. It’s very simple – it’s one of the safest plastics in terms of odors and offgassing (it’s 0 VOC).

This provides some cushioning which is necessary under flooring types like laminate.

It’s not a complete vapor barrier, so it can breathe, which is great for upper-level floors. Plus, it’s very inexpensive.

This is the type of foam that comes pre-attached in some laminate lines. I find that very convenient.

A “2 in 1” will usually have polyethylene foam and a thin layer of plastic. If you are looking for a vapor barrier, make sure it has one attached. The term 2 in 1 is rather confusing in this sense, as some are moisture-resistant and some have vapor barriers, but they are very thin.

Check with the flooring company and your contractor to make sure you have an appropriate vapor barrier, if one is required.

Cali Bamboo brand makes a good polyethylene underlay with foil as the vapor barrier, made for their floating floors. And Kahrs makes a polyethylene foam with 3 mil poly plastic for their engineered floors.

Some are just the foam, which is the type I would use over wood subfloors.

Polypropylene Foam

Polypropylene foam is another very safe plastic. It’s not as breathable as polyethylene and I have only seen it advertised as being a vapor barrier or as having a vapor barrier (another plastic layer) attached to it.

It’s used for laminate and engineered mostly, when a vapor barrier is required. It can be used under solid hardwood floors to provide cushioning and sound dampening.

If it’s labeled 3 in 1 that usually means it’s cushioning, sound dampening, and a vapor barrier.

Felt Underlayment For Engineered Floors

Felt + Vapour Barrier

Quietwalk is felt and a vapor barrier made for under laminate and engineered wood as well as other floating floors like bamboo and luxury vinyl plank.

The felt and (polyethylene) plastic layers are quite safe even for the chemically sensitive. It claims to be 0-VOC.

This one does contain Microban (Microban can refer to hundreds of chemicals, so this could be anything from silver to something more synthetic). If you want it without antimicrobials you can get Quietwalk from Green Building Supply.

Because this has a vapor barrier it’s meant for on top of a slab or basement floor. If you do lay down laminate, engineered, or another organic based click together floor on a slab or basement you do need a vapour barrier.

Best practices, according to mold preventative architects, is not to apply flooring that requires a vapor barrier over a slab because a concrete floor is always trying to dry to the inside. As a mold sensitive person, I can smell the mold that festers underneath when a vapor barrier is applied. And it happens in most homes in my experience.

Natural Material Underlayment For Many Floor Types

Breathable Cork

Cork underlayment is one of the most expensive underlayments. It provides good cushioning and sound dampening as well as some leveling.

It can be used under engineered hardwood, laminate floors, and hardwood flooring.

The small pieces of cork are usually pressed together with a polyurethane glue which I find to be quite strong in offgassing, so I don’t personally use this underlayment.

They also recommended to glue the underlayment down.

There are many flooring types and brands that come with an already attached cork underlayment, which also always has this polyurethane offgassing odor.

Cork with a Vapour Barrier

Eco Cork Foam is not as natural as the pure cork above. This version combines cork with polyethylene foam and a 6 mil poly vapor barrier.

Pressed Wood Underlayment

This Steico product is a lot more unusual than the others. This is different from the old particle board underlayments. They claim it is more water-resistant than particleboard.

It’s a pressed wood product, but they don’t mention what kind of wax, oil, or glue is used to make it. They do claim it is 0-VOC.

It can be used under floating floors like LVT, laminate, and engineered wood, as well as hardwood floors.

It seems to be very good at sound dampening.

Vapor Barrier for Over a Slab or Basement Floor

6 Mil Poly

This is the most common vapor barrier for slabs and basements. If I was going to put down a vapor barrier (which I wouldn’t due to the reasons discussed above) I would go with plain 6 mil polyethylene plastic. There is no need for anything fancy here. Though it does not provide cushioning. If cushioning is required it makes sense to buy a foam and vapor barrier in one. I would make sure it’s 6 mil though.

Flooring with Attached Underlayment

Many click together floors come with an attached underlayment. This really helps in simplifying things.

I like laminate floors with polyethylene foam backing attached, LVP with rubber underlayment attached, and engineered flooring with cork already attached.

Luxury Vinyl Plank (LVP) with a cork backing does not make sense to me in a basement, slab or wet area since one of the main benefits to LVP is that it is waterproof and very mold resistant.

My flooring post goes more into detail on brands of non-toxic floors.

Underlayment for Tile

I like the Schluter system under tile.

They have different membranes that I discuss more in the grout and thinset post.

They are made of a non-toxic very low odor plastic that even chemically sensitive folks do well with.

Underlayment for Carpet

My carpet post goes into detail on underlayment for carpet. The main options are natural wool felt or synthetic rubber, with some carpets containing built-in synthetic felt or vinyl backing.

Corinne Segura is a Building Biologist Practitioner with 6 years of experience helping others create healthy homes.

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Filed Under: Healthy Building, Healthy Interiors, Uncategorized

Protected: Nano Silver and Nano Aluminum Reactivity

May 13, 2020 by Corinne Leave a Comment

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Filed Under: Uncategorized

Healthy Non-Toxic Flooring for Vans, Trailers (and other Metal or Fiberglass Homes)

April 12, 2020 by Corinne 2 Comments

Metal and fiberglass homes have unique challenges with thermal bridging and humidity, and often require waterproof flooring that can hold up to some moisture.

Usually, vinyl sheet flooring is used in trailers and RVs. Vinyl sheeting has significant offgassing. The post outlines healthier options.

The following list is the flooring I would specify in vans, metal trailers, fiberglass trailers, and any other tiny house made of metal (like SIPS), plastic or fiberglass.

This post contains affiliate links. Upon purchase, I earn a small commission at no extra cost to you.

1. Odorless Sheet Flooring (Non-Vinyl)

UPO Xpression and Zero Tile are two odorless plastic based sheet floorings. These are an excellent alternative to vinyl sheet/rolls.

The company UPO is part of Kahrs, a company many like for their engineered wood flooring.

These UPO floors are made from minerals and the plastics TPE and polyolefin. Polyolefin in this case almost certainly means PE (polyethylene) and/or PP (polypropylene). They don’t use any plasticizer and there is no PVC.

I was impressed and I was happy to see a healthy alternative to PVC sheet flooring. I even found these much lower in offgassing than luxury vinyl plank (LVP).

These do require a glue though. You would have to test that when comparing this to other options. LVP comes in a click down which eliminates the need for glue.

In all trailers that I have seen, glue down flooring is used, and it’s almost always vinyl sheet.

2. Bio-Based Polyurethane

This product is the only one on the list that is a commercial order. It’s by Shaw Contract.

Bio-Based polyurethane means it’s made of 90% natural oils (but not linseed). It barely has an odor. It also contains minerals. The backing gives off just slightly more odor than the top – the backing contains PE and fibreglass. 

While it’s not available to individual homeowners, it’s a product we can push for in mass produced trailers, schools, offices and other places where vinyl sheet might normally be used.

When demand goes up it will likey become available for smaller orders.

3. Odorless Mineral-Based Vinyl

UPO Quartz Tile is a stiffer tile than the Xpression and Zero Tile. It’s made of quartz mineral and PVC. With no pthalates and no DHEP.

I tested this product before I knew it was PVC and was quite surprised when I found out what it was made of. Going based on offgassing, this is my top choice alongside the Xpression and Zero tile.

I have never tested another vinyl product with such minimal offgassing.

I did not like this company’s Safety Floor, which is a flexible vinyl that had too high offgassing for me.

This video compares Quartz Tile, Xpression, Zero Tile and Shaw Contract Bio-Based polyurethane:

4. Natural Linoleum

Marmoleum can be used in some metal or fiberglass spaces.

The Marmoleum sheet has jute on the back. The tiles have a polyester backing, which makes it more suitable for a trailer. Marmoleum click is not that different from laminate floor with a wood (HDF) substrate. I wouldn’t use that in a trailer.

With Marmoleum, I would make sure you have plenty of insulation underneath and an underlayment with a thermal break to prevent condensation.

Marmoleum is made from linseed, binders, wood flour, limestone and dry pigments which are mixed and then calendared onto a natural jute backing. It’s got a UV cured sealer on top.

This is the glue used to install it. Not everyone tolerates it but they do claim it’s 0 VOC. It does contain biocides. I do not know of any alternative that can used with this product.

I found that after one month the odor all but disappeared from the product – though many people say the odor never disappears 100%, but rather it comes out when heated.

5. Luxury Vinyl Plank or Tile (LVP, LVT)

Luxury vinyl plank (LVP) is much more tolerable than people generally think. Though it’s not as good as the options above.

It is very low-VOC, and most of it is phthalate-free now. A benefit over other options here is that much of LVP is click together and doesn’t require adhesive.

I tested Armstrong and Cali Bamboo brands – both surprised me in how low the offgassing was. I also tried the brands you can find at Home Depot which I review here. Armstrong and Cali Bamboo are still my top choices.

More details on my brand comparisons in my main flooring post.

Double-check on all brands to make sure it’s virgin (not recycled) vinyl. I prefer phthalate-free but other plasticizers can be problematic too. This flooring can also contain metals. I discuss that issue more here.

6. Vinyl/Wood Hybrid

A new type of flooring, Opti-Floor is a vinyl core, just like LVP with real wood on top.

I was pleasantly surprised when I bought a sample. I did not pick up any offgassing (though I’m not sure how old this sample was). It seemed to not have the plasticizer odor/offgassing of LVP.

It also did not have the strong odor of a wood substrate or even of a typical wood stain on top.

If you need a waterproof base this can go over metal or other damp areas.

The wood on top is of course not going to be able to take huge amounts of water, but you won’t have water and wood trapped together somewhere where you can’t see it.

7. Magnetic Tiles

I tested Kablan’s magnetic ceramic tiles. These are ceramic tiles with a magnetic backing. The other side of the magnet is an underlayment that is glued down to the floor. No thinset or grout here.

I found they the magnetic backing components did have a moderately strong smell, though you may not be able to smell them at all (or very much) once the floor is installed.

I have a video review of them here.

These are much lighter than regular tiles. They have made them even lighter since I made that video. It might not work for many structures on wheels but it can work in more stationary homes including metal or fiberglass modular homes where you would want real tile.

8. Limestone & Polyester Tiles

I tested Armstrong’s Bio-Flooring, both Striations BBT and Migrations BBT. These are a rigid tile flooring that can replace vinyl, though they are glue down.

They are made from 85% limestone, polyester and a polymer (plastic) made from corn. I was surprised by the level of offgassing here. I was expecting it to be much lower. This is not something would be able to use in my home.

Whether it’s better than LVP I think would be very individual. I didn’t think so.

9. Simple or Unusual Floor Coverings

Metal sheets:

Metal sheets can be the final flooring in a customized trailer or metal SIPS house. They could be painted with AFM Metal Primer with different designs for a pretty effect, or covered with rugs or mats listed below.

Flooring made for Decks and Garages

These come in plastic and wood/plastic. The wood could be real solid wood or a composite, a lot like wood decking products. You would likely have to check out a sample to see if this works for you.

I like these because they allow an air gap on a floor where you couldn’t put a flooring right on the substrate. This would apply to concrete slabs that were not poured properly (like most garages, sheds) and metal floors. The downside is it would be a pain to have to lift them all the time to clean underneath.

  • All plastic polypropylene click together tiles like GarageTrac as the rigid final floor covering.
  • Hard plastic with real wood on top.

Plastic Sheets, Carpets and Mats:

  • Hard plastic sheets (polycarbonate or acrylic) as a structural floor layer.
  • Plastic carpet (non-vinyl) as a non slip layer.
  • Rolls of flexible silicone as a cover over metal.
  • Silleather (silicone leather) floor covering.
  • EVA mats (this formamide free one) as a final floor covering.
  • Polyethene with polyurethane leather playmate, a very cushiony “rug”!
  • TPU mats as a floor covering or non slip “rug”
  • Rubber flooring if tolerable.
  • Non-toxic yoga mats, like TPE as a rug or floor covering.

Where you might need these flooring types?

Floors of metal vans. Metal and fiberglass trailers – both conventional and custom made.

Metal and fiberglass tiny or modular homes, including metal SIP homes.

Some of these might apply to boats or other homes on water.

In these living spaces organic flooring like wood, engineered wood and laminate are not usually used.

It’s preferable to have an inorganic flooring that holds up to condensation, leaks, spills and high humidity.

Corinne Segura is a Building Biologist Practitioner with 6 years of experience helping others create healthy homes.

healthy home build consult

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Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: building materials, tiny homes and trailers

How I Brought Down my Chemical Sensitivities (MCS)

December 24, 2019 by Corinne 10 Comments

This post will be a short detour from building material to talk about detox.

It can be much easier to bring down sensitivities than to try and avoid all toxins. Even if you are not extremely sensitive you may want to build more resiliency and do more out there in the real world.

This is my journey through bringing down MCS from severe to mild.

At the most severe I reacted to the tiniest amount of 3rd hand smoke, scent-free detergent, and lightly scented natural lavender deodorant on other people. I could not stay in regular buildings due to the offgassing and cleaning products, nor in regular tents.

The main foundation for bringing down MCS is certainly mold avoidance.

This is what came next. Many or most of these methods I have found are not effective when in mold.

This post contains affiliate links, upon purchase I earn a small commission at no extra cost to you.

STAGE ONE, THE TINY HOUSE

Soon after leaving my moldy apartment in Toronto I was able to move into my tiny house and start mold avoidance protocols.

I also chose an environment where there was good outdoor air, so it was the perfect environment to detox in when severely ill.

I didn’t do anything but mold avoidance for the first few months.

One of the first things I did other than some good nutrition was to remove my amalgams at a biological dentist.

I then started a full Shoemaker course of Cholestyramine (CSM). Which was intense but immediately brought down brain fog and increased my energy.

My sensitivities came down by the end of the course. CSM was life-changing for me, that’s what got me back to work.

I then brought in Alpha Lipoic Acid which helped my sleep quite a bit. I tried the Andy Cutler approach to ALA which is the most cautious approach.

The next addition was Bulletproof Glutathione Force which brought down my sensitivities some more. I now find glutathione difficult as it redistributes mercury (according to Cutler). In the beginning, though it helped me a lot.

Next, I added Liposomal Vitamin C, Molybdenum and CBD oil and my sensitivities to chemicals continued to come down.

That is what worked for me, in the first stage of detox when I was in my tiny house.

Being in a non-toxic house and doing proper mold avoidance first was very important before starting any of the more intense detoxification methods.

STAGE TWO, TINY HOUSE FAILS, I START TRAVELING

To get to the next stage, after my tiny house failed (went moldy) I had to go more extreme with mold avoidance.

I spend time traveling the world for the locations effect. My MCS went down dramatically during this time.

I traveled to Cuba where I have the most notable locations effect and other warm climates. I also camped out in a tent, cargo trailer, and shelter in Canada.

I spent two years living in tents, shelters, and simple trailers (with a few BnBs and hotels in there too).

The most important part of this journey is the mold avoidance which including avoiding indoor molds and outdoor toxins.

STAGE THREE, HELL TOXIN ERA

During this time of camping I started to dump metals (according to test results). MCS continued to drop, and I also noticed my sweat became very toxic.

I became sensitive to the substance known as hell toxin (HT). This was incredibly difficult, but breaking from this toxin was the moment I was able to make the leap into regular housing for the first time in almost a decade.

My MCS and mold sensitivity came down dramatically and quickly when breaking from HT.

In order to heal from this sensitivity I used minerals, mineral balancing, lots of nutritional support, Zeobind, FIJI water, a copper chelator, ALA and other supports.

I’m still sensitive to HT but I’m well through the worst stages and don’t battle with it too much.

Here are of some of the tools that helped me though all stages

Antioxidants:

Alpha Lipoic Acid – An antioxidant that also assists in heavy metal detox. The Andy Cutler method of taking ALA is the safest however I respond to taking it in other increments.

This has helped me with metals as well as improved my liver detox.

Liposomal Vitamin C – Vitamin C helps detox the liver of free radicals. This has been helpful for me in general.

Bulletproof Upgraded Glutathione Force – This one helps the body remove toxins from the liver, including environmental toxins such as mold. Also assists with heavy metal detox.  I no longer find this safe for me due to metals redistribution though in the early stages it was a big help.

Binders:

I have found that different binders were needed at different times. Some had no effect on me at all.

I still keep some around for times when I am killing pathogens.

Activated Charcoal – Binds to a wide range of toxins including moud, but also binds to minerals so it is tricky to space out with food. 

Takesumi Supreme is a bamboo charcoal. I never had a noticeable effect from charcoal but have taken if after eating something bad.

Bentonite Clay – Binds to a range of toxins including mold. 

Zeolite – A mineral that binds to a number of toxins and metals. I only use the Zeobind brand as other brands might release aluminum. This was lifesaving to me during the HT stage when my tests were showing moderate levels of aluminum. FIJI water and Zeobind combined brought my hair levels down to almost 0 after a year of treatment.

Chlorella – Binds to mercury, mold and other toxins. Does not interfere with nutrient absorption. I had trouble with the iodine content in it and I now avoid this due to the metal redistribution.

Modifilan – A seaweed extract, binds to heavy metals amongst other toxins. Also contains iodine. 

Cholestyramine (CSM) – prescription drug, promoted by Dr. Shoemaker for removing toxins including mycotoxins. The most powerful of the binders. Binds to a wide range of toxins and is especially effective for mold. Particularly ochratoxin.

Welchol – The prescription alternative for those who cannot tolerate CSM. 

Psyllium – A fibre that binds to bile and the toxins contained within. 

Chitosan – Similar action to that of CSM, Welchol, and Psyllium, in that it binds to bile, pulling toxins from the liver. It is made from prawn shells. Chitosan and Psyllium are less effective than the prescriptions, though I definitely can feel that it’s the same mechanism.  

Modified Citrus Pectin – A likely very well tolerated binder made from pectin. Binds to heavy metals, especially lead without interfering with nutrients.

There is so much more information now on which binders bind to which toxins. This article is a review of the literature.

Dr. Jill Carnahan gives her overview of binders here.

Dr. Klinghart’s Sophia Institute gives their summary here.

Detox:

Coffee enemas – Detox by producing more bile and stimulating glutathione.

Infrared Sauna – Toxins are released through the sweat. If you can handle the heat, this is a low-cost high returns option. In the dumping [hase I started sweating out some really toxic stuff.

Exercise – Detox through sweating and stimulating the lymph system.

Micro-Minerals – Having adequate minerals will prevent toxic metals from binding. I have a found this helpful as well as some of the mineral balancing theories by the Wilson mineral balancing program.

Molybdenum – A mineral extremely important for detoxification.

Calcium-d-glucarate – Helps more toxins to be excreted through bile. Noted to be helpful for trichothecene.

The producer of Immunothrive claims that it helped her reduce her mould sensitivities. I tried this but didn’t stick with it.

The herbalist Buhner well known for his treatment of Lyme disease provides this formula for bringing down mold sensitivities. 

Chelation:

Chelation IVs tend to be hard to tolerate for those who have MCS, and can be downright dangerous and deadly, but there are a couple of gentler options: DMPS and DMSA can be used with the frequent, low dose, oral chelation protocol by Andy Cutler PhD. ALA is also a used in this protocol. DMSA and DMPS can also be bought without a prescription. 

I also had to use a copper chelator to help me get through copper toxicity when I started the dump/Hell Toxin Phase.

Methylation:

Methylation is used for many functions in the body, including removing heavy metals, improving energy, and increasing glutathione.

It is a protocol that should help the body rebuild detox systems. The Yasko protocol is the most well known, and Dr Yasko offers her book for free online. There is also a forum that is very helpful, though this protocol is best done with a doctor because of its complexity.

There is also a simplified methylation protocol.

Brain Retraining:

I watched a few friends fully heal with brain retraining and many others make huge improvements.

It seems that once one is in a non-toxic environment, and detox has been added, the brain can still overreact to very small amounts of toxins.

This program seems to be helping to re-train the brain to respond in healthier ways. The Gupta programme is one of these programs that I have seen people recover with.

I got a lot out of it.

Filed Under: Uncategorized

Free Location Effect Sabbatical E-Booklet

September 30, 2019 by Corinne 7 Comments

Sign up for the email list for a free 14 page e-booklet on the Top Six Spots for a Location Effect Sabbatical, 2020

This includes the top 5 American locations in four states: Arizona, Nevada, California and New Mexico. The booklet was updated in 2020.

These are campsites for RVs and tents (some have cabins, but not vetted) where experienced mold avoiders have found a lot of healing within the last year.

Many of these locations are tried and true for many years, but I make sure I have recent reports on all of them.

The brochure covers the basic information you need to decide on which one will be best for you, including:

  • Location
  • Elevation
  • Basics on the campsite (hook ups, bathrooms etc), how spacious they are, costs, proximity to stores, WiFi and cell coverage
  • Temperatures (and other weather related details).

This post on the Locations Effect goes into more detail on what a sabbatical entails (and also what to bring!)

Title Page and Example Page:

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Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: locations effect, mold avoidance

How to Size an Air Purifier for Your Home: Calculate the Size of an Air Filter Needed

August 24, 2019 by Corinne 2 Comments

If you are wondering what size or how “strong” of an air purifier you need, these two calculators will help.

To properly size an air purifier or filter for your home or room, the main value you are looking for on an air purifier’s specs is how much air it moves. This will be provided by the company as the CFM (Cubic ft/Minute) value. Think of this as the fan size.

I have two posts on air purifiers – one on PCO types and one on HEPA/Carbon to help you compare models once you have sized them with these charts.

If you need help choosing the right air purifier for your needs and sizing them to your space, you can contact me here for a one-on-one consult.

The First Calculator: Calculate What Size Air Purifier you Need 

In the first calculator, you will find out what CFM value you need for your room size.

You need to add your desired or ideal Air Exchange Per Hour (ACH). This is how many times you want the unit to overturn (and filter) the air in the room per hour.

This calculator will tell you what (minimum) CFM value you are looking for and then below is a list of air filters that meet that requirement.

Air Purifier to Choose based on Result of Required CFM from the Calculator

(Note if the required CFM is over 400 you will need more than one unit, I recommend calculating each room at a time, not the whole house).

PCO Models Best for Mold Reduction:

Airocide CFM 14
Molekule CFM 80
GermGuardian AC4825 CFM 125
Vornado PCO300 CFM 145
Vornado PC0500 CFM 184

Here is the Post with Detailed Comparison of These Models

High Carbon (and other Sorbent Material) Best for High Offgassing: 

Amaircare 3000 225 CFM
Austin Air Healthmate Plus CFM 250
EnviroKlenz CFM 250
IQ Air Multigas CFM 300
E.L. Foust 400 Series CFM 380
AllerAir AirMedic Pro 5 Ultra CFM 400
Airpura C600-DLX 440 CFM

Here is the Post with Detailed Comparison of these Models

The Second Calculator: Calculate How Much Air is it Cleaning

Below, the second calculator can tell you how many air exchanges per hour you are getting from an air purifier you already have, or one you are looking to buy, based on the size of your room.

Most experts recommend a minimum of 4 ACH. ASHRAE (The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) recommends a minimum of 4 ACH for patient rooms in hospitals, 5 for intensive care units and 25 for operating rooms.

These two calculators helped you find out your ACH to CFM calculation and your CFM to ACH calculation.


Corinne Segura is a Building Biologist with 6 years of experience helping others create healthy homes.

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Building a (Non-Toxic) Shower in a THOW

March 2, 2014 by Corinne 27 Comments

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Non-Toxic Shower Options that I Considered

Tiles

My first plan when designing my tiny house was to use tiles. But because grout without additives (plain Portland Cement) may not hold up in the long-run to mould or to cracks in a mobile house I decided against it.

Even with the recommend Schulter shower system, I still wasn’t confident that the area around the drain would hold up to cracks when the house moved. This would be better in a non mobile tiny home.

(I go through non-toxic tile options in the post on bathrooms)

Tadelakt

A non-toxic waterproof finish, tadelakt is a beautiful option. But in my house on wheels all the plaster has cracked.

We came up with some ideas to give it a little flex included – adding glue to the plaster and maybe a mesh underneath on the wall, but no one had tried this yet in a mobile home so it was big risk and I don’t think it’s a good idea. 

In a tiny house (not on a trailer) this would be a good choice for many people.

Though it requires a lot of upkeep. (For the base/floor you still need tiles, fiberglass or metal) otherwise it tends towards mold.

Make sure you can commit!

Fiberglass or Acrylic

These will last a lifetime without getting mouldy but if you get a company to install it they need to use their own adhesive, which is toxic.

Fiberglass offgasses and most highly sensitive people say they react to it.

Acrylic is much more tolerable and should become odorless quite quickly.

If you use one of these showers in a new build you have to design the size of the bathroom around that (I didn’t!).

You can offgass them outside until they are ready.

Use AFM Almighty Adhesive to install them.

Solid surfance showers are beautiful and non-toxic but I have not found one with a non-toxic glue.

Other Options 

In a larger house, polished concrete might work really well, if you can find someone who can do that finish on walls and tight spaces.

Glass walls are something to consider.

An outdoor shower could be made of cedar, glass or concrete.

More discussion on these materials in my post on bathrooms.

My Shower for Tiny Houses on Wheels (Could work in Trailers, and RVs too)

It took four people, five months to design, make and install a totally toxin-free shower for my tiny house on wheels that will:

-not get moldy
-last a very long time
-and hold up in a tiny mobile home (that flexes when it moves)!
-not aggravate my chemical sensitivities

But we did it! We were this close to giving up and building an outdoor shower. In the end, the shower enclosure was made of aluminum and stainless steel with a zero VOC adhesive.

A basin with 2-inch sides is made of stainless steel and the pipe in the center is welded in so will never leak around the drain (Stainless is going to hold up better than aluminum in the basin).

I would have done more of a grade and a higher lip on the basin if I did it again.

Underneath we used pieces of acrylic and Butyl Sealant Tape to support the grade.

There are two sheets of thin aluminum panels that wrap around the three-wall shower enclosure.

The first piece of aluminum wraps around the three walls (no seams in the corners) and overlaps with the basin at the bottom (will never leak at that point).

The second piece of aluminum overlaps over the first piece and goes up to the ceiling. A vent is right in the middle of the shower on the ceiling to reduce moisture.

The shower curtain is this EVA non-toxic one (had a slight plastic smell but was fine for me) (other curtain options to try are polyester or polyethylene – or, even better make a glass door).

My curtain has magnetic pieces that stick to the walls – to prevent water from splashing out onto the tiles which are not 100% waterproof (magnetic strips from Bed Bath…….and Beyond!)

After testing many adhesives with no luck I finally found Almighty Adhesive by AFM and had no reaction at all to it even when wet!

The problem of finding an adhesive was holding up the project for months and I was so excited to finally find this. It is also the only adhesive (including silicones) I have ever smelled that really is non-toxic.

Even a regular non-toxic white glue smells more than this stuff.

Around the edge of the aluminum will be sealed with AFM caulk which does take about a week to offgas.

I really want all the edges to be sealed. Strangely (happily) I no longer find this caulking to be problematic.

So there you have it! A shower that will never leak or become moldy and with no toxins! 

Notes:

Another thing to consider is to weld all the parts together. See Tiny Green Cabins stainless steel showers if you are interested in that route.

The custom aluminum and stainless cost 800 CAD + installation which took 2 people all day. (We had to re-do some plumbing though which took longer than expected)

For individual help on choosing the best products and materials for you and your home you can schedule a consultation with me.

Corinne Segura is a Building Biologist Practitioner with 6 years of experience helping others create healthy homes.

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Practicing Mold Avoidance

May 2, 2013 by Corinne Leave a Comment

How to Conduct a Mold Avoidance Sabbatical: Using the Locations Effect to Heal 

This article will provide guiding principles to choosing a location and type of lodging for a Mould Avoidance/Locations Effect sabbatical. I will also share some of the tips and tricks I have found over the years.

Those two sabbaticals are not always the same thing, but here I am talking about them as if you are doing both at the same time. This article will still be helpful if you’re looking to do a locations effect sabbatical with only moderate mold avoidance.

Over the past 10 years, I have watched people with CFS, Fibromyalgia, Lyme disease and MCS conduct mold avoidance experiments. It seems to be very rare for people affected by these diseases to not be affected by mold and other environmental factors, like off-gassing and the quality of the outdoor air.

Clean, clear, calm turquoise waters are usually healing
“Isla Espiritu Santo, Baja California Sur, Mexico” by Tim Buss is licensed under CC BY 2.0 

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To conduct this sabbatical will need to find temporary safe accommodation in the cleanest environment you can access. Erik Johnson, who discovered the connection between mold, the locations effect and CFS, talks about a “Mobile Environmental Control Unit” which is a “safe house” trailer or RV to use as a baseline.

I have written a post on mobile safe home and safe trailers, a customized trailer, cargo trailers and vans. A tent is a good baseline for many. It is not easy to find a trailer that meets the needs of those very sensitive to mold as well as chemicals.

I help clients choose between trailers, tent camping, or more conventional options – anywhere from glamping to rental houses.

A Beginner’s Guide to Mold Avoidance: Techniques Used by Hundreds of Chronic Multisystem Illness Sufferers to Improve Their Health is the book you want to start with when conducting a mold avoidance sabbatical. 

I help people through my Consulting go through the process of preparing and undertaking a sabbatical. I can help you decide what to bring what not to bring, where to go and what types of accommodations to try, depending on the severity of your conditions and what’s feasible for you.

Here is my Visual Packing List of Some of My Favorite & Unusual Supplies I Bring with me on a Sabbatical.

(See the comment box on each image to see my notes on each one).

Avoidance Test Run 

Almost everyone I know with CFS/Fibro or Lyme has felt better in a “good location.” Some people will say they felt 80% better in Cayman Islands or had many symptoms go away while camping in a national park or while vacationing in the Rockies or Aruba.

There are many more stories on the Locations Effect Facebook group from people who have felt much better from CFS and related illnesses using this method. 

From watching this over the years, I can say that pristine outdoor air is where you get the big boost, but you still have to be as particular about the indoor air.

In a good location, sometimes in a fantastic location, you may have a higher tolerance for regular housing. But not everyone is so lucky. 

For those who are already hypersensitive or are coming from a house that is less moldy than most, a lot of caution has to be taken before assuming that.

Something I feel that has been lacking in support groups is experience in how to choose safe housing for this experiment. Buildings the world over are moldy. The majority of trailers are moldy as well. So to step out and try this experiment is not so simple if you are not starting out with a tent. 

If you have MCS and or EMF sensitivity this is even more difficult.

 A Few Common Mistakes are:

  • Going to a good location but choosing a regular hotel or rental online that has not been vetted or even carefully analyzed. It should never be assumed that simply choosing something that looks clean online is not moldy. Most buildings in almost every climate are moldy.
  • Many people who are sick with these types of illnesses have traveled, whether it’s domestically or internationally, and have often felt better in a new location. That is a huge clue. However, it’s also very possible that you have traveled and not felt better anywhere else either because you were going to similar locations, bad locations, bringing your stuff, or you were choosing regular housing that was moldy or toxic. If you don’t think the locations effect applies to you because you have traveled before, that is not enough info to go by if you have chosen regular hotels and rentals in the past.
  • It’s a mistake to think that because a climate is drier or because you’re going to a beach location it will be better. Islands are also assumed to be better but are not always so. Florida has some of the most toxic beaches. Drier climates have moldy buildings just like everywhere else. Of course lower summer humidity and less rainfall may mean there are more buildings that are a better choice. But a drier climate does not guarantee safer housing or better outdoor air. 
  • The Canary Islands are an example of a place I’ve been to that are drier than many places, but the buildings are moldier than usual because of the lack of heating and cooling. There are many great locations where people have healed that are certainly not dry. The Canary Islands are also an example of islands that are not as great as you would expect. Hawaii is another example of islands that are not spectacular. Also note, poorer countries often have poorer building practices.

Find a Good Location

Using the Locations Effect, Mold Avoiders, and Mold Avoiders on the Road groups on Facebook, and suggestions from others who have recovered, find a good area. The key aspect here is the outdoor air quality.

People have felt remarkably better in places that are exceptionally pristine – these might be in the mountains, tropical coastal areas, or the desert. Those are the most popular choices, though forests and grasslands and all types of ecological areas can be good. 

Mercey Hot Springs is one of the original location effects hotspots Still reported good for camping. Those severely ill can fly in. 
“California Sunset 1 – Fresno County” by naotakem is licensed under CC BY 2.0 

None of these locations can be expected to stay good if they have been recommended years ago. Housing recommendations are even trickier. For my updated list of housing in good locations, see my list here, I keep track every time somebody shares a specific place where they recovered.

Check with people in the Facebook group Mold Avoiders or the Locations Effect to see if the area is still good. 

I often do consultations on this topic because locations and especially buildings change over time. I am able to vet places near me and I can use my network to vet housing in other locations. Otherwise, I can analyze them through photos to some degree. 

There are factors here that are individual, not everybody does well with altitude, not everybody does well in a tropical setting if it’s hot. I would definitely take into consideration your individual factors, but I would not assume that you are looking for just a drier climate or just a beach location. 

However, there is still enough of a consensus on locations where people have healed as long as you take into consideration those personal aspects such as altitude and heat, etc.

Ricky’s Caribbean Effect

Many are able to do a lot of healing in clean, clear turquoise waters. When looking for healing water, look for clean water and clean sand meaning not a lot of seaweed or debris.

Look for bright turquoise and calm waters where you will be able to sit and float in the water. You can look through Google photos (not promotional shots) and satellite images to find these waters.

Typically each island has good sides and not so good sides.

The “Ricky Islands are Aruba, Cayman, Turks and Caicos and Anguilla. There are areas on other islands that can be really great. The eastern Caribbean Islands have not been as good. The Bahamas have mixed reports and may be too far north, though Exuma fits Ricky’s Criteria.

Avoid areas with sargassum, too much seaweed, red tide and cyano (like Florida). There can be other toxins in the water if sewage or other toxic runoffs are dumped there.

Avoid human-made bays which are not as good. You may want to look at trade winds as well to make sure you have water coming off the ocean.

Spending time in and on this type of water has been really helpful for many people. Staying somewhere with a direct line of sight to the ocean breeze has been helpful for many. 

Ricky, who has made a 100% recovery on various islands, has developed this method of analyzing water, the location of housing on the island and which islands are best. You can read his advice in the Locations Effect Facebook page or follow his journey to relocate to the Caribbean permanently here.

The Canadian Rockies (pictured), Lake Alpine, Sonora CA, and Tibet have been reported as good mountainous locations
“Peyto Lake, Banff NP” by wildvoid is licensed under CC BY 2.0 

When I’m looking at locations I’m looking for three things:

1. Places where people have totally or almost totally recovered just from the locations effect.

2. Places where the most extremely sensitive people have made great improvements.

3. Enough consensus on the location. A lot of mixed reports indicate that the location might not be the best for those super sensitive or to make the best chance at recovery.  

One additional strategy you can use is to look at the progress of people who have similar illnesses to you, similar sensitivities, and a similar level of unmasking. This last piece can be really important especially if you have really specific sensitivities, for example, you need to avoid pesticides or high EMF areas that other mold avoiders may not be avoiding as scrupulously. 

Generally, though, it’s the mold avoiders who are healing who have the highest level of sensitivity to the environment, not just to mold, but to many different types of outdoor toxins.

I look at the reports over the last 10 years and I look at who is reporting – have they made a significant recovery, and are they unmasked already. For those just starting out and who are not unmasked and are coming from a really moldy place, they may see a quick improvement by changing locations with only decent enough housing.

This does not mean the location is excellent, and they often cannot hold on to these gains if the location and housing are not great.

Aruba (pictured), Cayman, Turks and Caicos and Anguilla are reported good locations.
Not all of the Carribean is good and not every part of a good island is equal.
Look for good water, trade winds, good proximity to the beach.
“Hotel Tamarijn Strand tussen Tamarijn en Divi Aruba” by Roel van Deursen  licensed under CC BY 2.0 

Choosing Lodging for the Sabbatical

A tent is less risky as you have way more control over the environment you are sleeping in (but it could be difficult to offgas). A tent can be hard for someone who is extremely sensitive to temperature. But there are lots of tips and tricks in my post on camping.

I have made progress in a tent even when 90% bedbound. Other options include glamping, RVs, and hotels/rentals.

Finding lodging that is chemical/scent and mold-free is trickier, and everyone is different in their sensitivities, so even a good recommendation is tricky. Places also may have been contaminated or become moldy since the recommendation was made.

Tenting on Sabbatical

Here is my post on camping.  I go through options for tents for people with chemical sensitivities as well as how to keep your tent and gear as mold-free as possible.

I also share some of my tips for people with challenges around comfort.

When looking at glamping setups I’m looking at them just as closely to inspect the age and condition of the materials.

Canvas is a no-no unless it’s brand new in a dry climate. I want to see raised off the ground. No used tents on flat surfaces.

Yurts and domes need to be looked at carefully for offgassing and mold.

When glamping, look for well built simple structures, raised off the ground. These otentiks can be found across Canada.
Ask about the age and materials.
“Riding Mountain National Park oTENTik” by Travel Manitoba is licensed under CC BY 2.0

When glamping, look for well built simple structures, raised off the ground. These otentiks can be found across Canada. Ask about the age and materials.

Trailers for a Sabbatical

Airstreams can be rented from many different places but you want to go as new as possible there.

Having a cargo trailer with no wood, offgassed Camplite or offgassed fiberglass trailer could provide a good baseline home.

Here is my post on trailer options. And here is my post on converting a cargo trailer. I have a separate post on cargo vans.

There are sites that rent converted vans like Outdoorsy. If you have never lived in a metal trailer before you have to take some caution here, as not everybody can tolerate metal.

A metal trailer with interior metal walls and low offgassing is one of the best bets for trailers
Photo credit livingvehicle.com

Indoor Lodging for a Sabbatical

There are a few ways to go about finding good rentals or hotels. One way, if you’re totally masked and this is all new to you, is you could just look for somewhere someone has recovered recently.

If you do not have MCS you may be able to bank on something new if it is carefully chosen – analyze the likelihood of this type of building being moldy in that country and climate.

If you are already very sensitive to chemicals and or mold, you have to be a lot more cautious with the recommendations. Usually as new as you can go is the best bet, but not always.

Depending on where you are in the world it is possible for older buildings to be better built. There are many building types that are moldy from the get-go. In some countries building practices are so poor that the building will be moldy within a year.

I look at the type of construction and the quality that could be expected based on where it is and who it was built by. But not everybody is the same in what is best for them. A wooden simple hut or log cabin may be great for some, but some can’t tolerate wood. For me personally, a very new concrete high-rise with climate control is usually the best option, but they’re not perfect.

Concrete is often wet for great lengths of time during the building process and does not dry properly. Concrete buildings are an even bigger problem in tropical countries where there is no climate control (no indoor humidity control) or if building standards are poor (example: slabs built wrong).

The HVAC type has to be analyzed for its propensity to go moldy as well.

A concrete high rise that fits my requirements

The type of building you choose will depend on where it is located. There is no one fits all recommendation here. There are places where I would prefer a little wooden hut or cabin.

Sometimes glamping setups can work, but there’s no guarantee that those are going to be made with materials that were not water damaged or have not gone moldy with time.

I have at times done well with an Airbnb that has an outside sleeping space, but even then there was a learning curve because a moldy building can be felt and even smelled from 100 feet away or more.

And, outdoor concrete, tiles, and balconies are very prone to mold in tropical countries. So this is not always as easy as it seems.

I would go brand-new and I would make sure you have a large enough space outside to backyard camp. Because of these requirements, this option can be expensive.

There are certain areas of the world where I would not go with anything that has a slab or a basement due to poor construction practices or waterlogged soil. In fact, I very rarely choose ground level accommodation. Even for small huts or cabins, I want to see them raised off the ground.

Simple wooden cabins, made from climate-appropriate, non-water damaged wood, with no insulation and raised off the ground have a good chance of being good.
Ask about the age and wood sealers.
“Log Cabin” by Thelma Smart is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 

This is where I bring in my experience of traveling throughout different parts of the world in different climates and trying out hundreds of buildings while mostly sleeping outside and staying unmasked.

I use the knowledge acquired from Building Biology and building science experts to analyze what’s not working.

Some things you can ask about are cleaning products, air fresheners, last year of renovations, any water damage especially hurricane damage or leaks, pesticides, and anything else that you’re specifically sensitive to.

My Tips and Tricks for Packing for a Sabbatical

You can see a visual packing list here on Amazon with notes on each one, of all the items I bring on a trip that will involve travel and bnbs or hotels.

This includes being prepared for a balcony or patio sleeping and items needed for travel.

Many of these need to be offgassed if you have MCS.

These are some of the key items:

  • Caution with cotton in high humidity environments, like camping in a tropical setting, especially if hand washing clothing. This compact microfiber towel dries quickly.
  • I have these cute plastic shoes which I love. If you are camping you’re going to want rubber or plastic shoes. They are good for beaches too. Easy to wash and decontaminate and they look decent. You can leave them outside without them going moldy.
  • Although it’s not necessary, I do like charcoal soap and gloves to decontaminate the skin. You may end up showering more than usual, in which case you’re going to need non-irritating soap and a better moisturizer than usual. I have found probiotics to be very useful on the skin when showering a lot to protect my microbiome.
  • This dish soap works well as an all in one soap – dish, laundry soap, body soap and shampoo in a pinch. But when travelling light I bring this laundry soap in bar form. If you require scent-free soaps you will want to check that the country you’re going to has that option. Another item you’re unlikely to find in store in many parts of the world is a scent free and natural sunscreen. I like badger.
  • I use mylar bags to sequester items. Careful, if the aluminum starts to flake off or become dust form, discard these immediately.
  • I use these aluminum tarps to sequester a bed. I may be sequestering off-gassing, mold or bacteria. I also use them if my sweat is contaminating the bed. Throw out often. If the aluminum flakes off or becomes dust form discard immediately.
  • I use little glass jars with glass lids to isolate and store items like medication because it is very easy to decontaminate them.
  • I bought this affordable tablet for my last trip on a Black Friday sale. For a shorter trip, this can replace both your laptop and your phone. Use Skype to make phone calls and if you need to do a lot of work buy a portable keyboard as well. You will need one that comes with a SIM card slot if you are out of Wi-Fi and can’t tether a phone.
  • I used to bring a heating blanket everywhere I go so I can sleep with the window open, on a balcony or in a tent. You will almost certainly have to wash or air those out before using it. If you can tolerate a heating blanket, you’re going to be able to have access to way more fresh air and colder temperatures.

My Tips for Decon During a Sabbatical 

  • I find that it’s much easier, in the beginning, to have separate clothes for indoors and outdoors until you are able to really assess when something is contaminated, if it can be washed, or if it needs to be thrown away.
  • If you can, wash the bedding when you arrive or bring your own and request no bedding. Examine the washing machine in the building that you are staying in to see how moldy it is. (They are usually moldy, but Airbnb’s run by professional management companies often ship out their laundry, if you find a new building like this you may find a washer and dryer that have barely or never been used).
  • Wash clothes by hand with non-toxic, scent-free soap. Note, Borax is no longer considered safe to use in the laundry for decon but many people do still use this and I think the risk is low. For those who are not very chemically sensitive, quaternary ammonia, like Unscented Downy, can be very useful for removing mycotoxins from clothes. Some people start to detox a lot through their sweat and that may be cleaned by boiling or other methods. Some use ozone on their clothes or EM1 to soak them.

A Few Final Notes:

  • I see improvement in symptoms after one day of being in a good location. Certainly one week is minimum for your test run,  but I would aim for 3 weeks.
  • After a few weeks, you will have a heightened sense of smell and will be able to detect contaminated objects much more easily. Note that some molds do not have a scent,  judge places and items more on your symptoms then how they smell.
  • EMFs in a location are an important factor as well as pollution, chemicals and mold. Factors that seem to be very important are mystery toxin, cyanobacteria, toxins around military bases, sewer related toxins, flame retardant associated toxins, some brand new buildings that have high offgassing, and regular air pollution. In some locations that are particularly bad, we don’t always know what the toxin in the air or water is.
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Corinne Segura is a Building Biologist with 6 years of experience helping others create healthy homes. I have been doing extreme mold avoidance since 2013

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